Organ-bellows



No. 6|6,22l. mm Dec. 20, I898. n. J. BENNETT.

ORGAN BELLOWS.

(Application filed Jan. 6, 1896.; (No Model.) kSheets-Shcet I No. 6I6,22l, Patented Dec. 20, [8981 R J BENNETT URGAN BELLDWS.

'Application filed Jan. 6, 1896.1

No. 6I6,22|. Patantedfloc. 20,1898. 8. J. BENNETT.

ORGAN BELLOWS.

(Applieltian filed Jun- G, 18 96.) (No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 3.

6866s 1 7; i SUD 607:0?"

No. 6l6,22l. Patented Dec. 20, I898. n. J. BENNETT.

ORGAN BELLOWS.

(Application filed Jan. 6, 1896.)

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

UNITED STATES PATENT OEEIcE.

ROBERT J. BENNETT, OF CHICAGO, ILLINOIS.

ORGAN-BELLOWS.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 616,221, dated December 20, 1898.

Application filed January 6, 1896. Serial No. 574,474. (No model.)

To (tZZ whom it um/y con/corn:

Be it known that I, ROBERT J. BENNETT, a citizen of the United States, residing at Ohicago, in the county of Cook and State of Illinois, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Organ-Bellows, of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to improvements in the means for supplying wind currents to an organ or other analogous musical instrument, and has certain objects in View and consists in certain features tobe described,and pointed out in my claims, among said objects being the driving of the blast and suction bellows and the incidental operation of the equalizing-bellows appertaining thereto by a powermotor.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a side elevation of my improved apparatus, including an electric motor, which serves as the exponent of any suitable power-driving source. Fig. 2 1s a plan view of said apparatus. Fig. 3 is a horizontal section on the line 1 11 of Fig. 1. Fig. 4 is a like section on the line a: w of Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a like section on the line 2 z of Fig. 1. Fig. 6 is an enlarged detail in perspective of one of the valves and connections for opening the same. Fig. 7 is a crosssectional View of the parts represented in the foregoing figure. Fig. 8 is an enlarged detail sectional View through one of the feederbellows and wind-passages. Fig. 9 is a detail side View of one form of bellows-spring. Fig. 10 is an edge View of the same. Fig. 11 is a sectional View through a bellows-feeder shown extended, and a spring therefor, together with auxiliary apparatus acting in opposition to the spring. Fig. 12 is a like View showing the position of the parts when the bellows is closed. Fig. 18 is a detail view of the rocker-arm.

I will first proceed with a description of the manner in which a plurality of suction and blast feeder-bellows are operated from one shaft by means of a crank-carryin g shaft and connecting-arms between the cranks or wristpins, arranged on various different radii of the shaft and the several feeder-bellows, whereby an alternate relative movement is imparted to the same and an alternate suction and pressure blast produced by each of said feeder-bellows.

A pulley 15, mounted upon a counter-shaft 16, is belted with the main shaft 17, which in turn, through pulley 18,. is belted with the prime mover, as shown, an electric motor 19.

Four feeder-bellows are shown in the present instance, the two bellows 19 and 20 being placed below and to the left hand of the counter-shaft, and the other two bellows 21 and 22 being placed opposite the first two below and to the right hand of the countershaft, so that the latter comes centrally between and above the meeting point of the opposing pairs. Links orconnecting-rods 23 connect the bellows with wrist-pins or cranks 21, carried by disks at the opposite ends of said counter-shaft, these wrist-pins, one for each pair of opposing feeder-bellows, being secured on different radii of the shaft, or, for the purposes of this description, nearly at opposite ends of diameters therethrough, so that the rotation of the shaft imparts an alternate or successive movement to the bellows, whereby no two of said feeder-bellows are in the same position of expansion or contraction at any one time.

I will now describe the internal construction of the feeder-bellows and the arrange ment wh ereby a suction-blast and a pressureblast are produced by one and the same feederbellows, and will also describe the construction and relation of equalizing or governor bellows both for the suction and for the pressure-blast.

The bellows-feeders are inclosed within a casing 25, and beneath them is a wind-chest 26, formed by said casing and the side casing 27. The wind-chest is divided into two compartments by the diagonal partitions 28 below said bellows-feeders, extending from the bottom of said wind-chest to the fixed bottom board 29 of the feeders. The wind-chest has also a centrally-extended partition 30, Figs. 1 and 5, which divides it into longitudinal compartments, which separate the currents of one feeder-bellows from the other lying alongside. Each one of the feeder-bellows has an interior transverse diaphragm 31, dividing said feeder into two chambers 32 and In each of the feeders ports 3a, 35, and 36, Fig. 8, are provided, the ports 34 and 36, communicating, respectively, between the compartments of the wind-chest 26 and the corresponding chambers of the feeders, being continually open and the port 35 being provided with a valve 37, which closes as the bellows is distended, but opens as it is compressed. The diagonal partition of each windchest 2c is also provided with a port and a valve 38, which closes when the bellows is compressed, but opens when it is expanded.

Below the feeder-bellows the equalizing or governor bellows is located, the bellows 39 for the purpose of equalizing the suction-blast of the feeder-bellows and bellows 40 for equalizing the pressure or direct blast of said feeders. Between the feeder-bellows and the equalizing-bellows is a hollow horizontal partition, (designated at 42,) divided up into a series of blast and exhaust chests, those for the blast being designated at 4:3, 44, 45, and 4:6 and those for the exhaust-current at 47, i8, 40, and 50, Figs. 3, 4, and 5.

Entrance to all of the exhaust and blast chests aforesaid is controlled by Valves 51 and 52, which are respectively suction and pressure controlling valves of peculiar construction, as shown in Figs. 6 and 7, consisting of a hinged valve-body 53, having elongated openings 54 therein, forming a grid which is covered by a flap 55, hinged along one edge and thus adapted to permit the passage of aircurrents in one direction and prevent their passage in the other. The flaps therefore admit air automatically in one direction and prevent its return in the other direction, while the body portions of the valves are actuated positively by mechanism to be described, double valves being thus provided capable of serving two purposes to be particularly pointed out.

The suction-controllin g valves are the same in construction as the blast-controlling, except that the flaps 55 of the former are adapted to admit the air from the horizontal exhausttrunl: 50 into the suction or exhaust chests t7, e8, 49, and 50 and cut oif its return to said trunk, while the flaps of the latter admit air from the blast-compartments into the windtrunk and shut off its return.

The exhaust-trunk 56 and the wind-trunk 05 extend along opposite sides of the horizontal hollow partition d2, containing the exhaust and blast chests, and have ports communicating with individual cheststhat is to say, the exhaust-trunk has a port for each exhaust-chest and the blast-trunk a port for each blast-chest. There is one exhaust-chest and one blast-chest directly pertaining to each feeder-bellows. \Vhen any one or more of said feeder-bellows is moving into an expanded position, the same acts as asuction or exhaust and the air currents passing through the organ reach the exhaust-trunk 56 through the exhaust-conduit 57, and from the trunk communication is had through the ports of the suction-controlling valves 51 with one or more of the exhaust-chests 4:7, to, 1L9, and 50, and thence through one or more of the ports 58, 59, U0, and G1 in the top 62 of the cie,22i

partition 42 with the wind chest 26, and thence with the chambers 32 and 33 of the ex panding feeder-bellows, resulting in the creation of a suction-current through the valve 38 and ports 3t and 36. As the feeder-bellows, operating to create a suction-ctu'rent, draws the air through the exhaust-conduit 57, it also tends to exhaust the equalizing-bellows 39 through the elongated ports 63, opening between the wind-trunk 56 and the equalizerbellows 39, which ports are located in the bottom 64: of the partition 4-2. It is evident, therefore, that the equalizing-bellows 30 serves to control the suction-current and render the same uniform and steady in action.

Referring now to the manner in which the same feeder-bellows operates to create a direct pressure-blast, it is evident that when said bellows is moving into its collapsed or closed position the air is forced out of chamber 32 through the port 34 into the inner compartment of the wind-chest, and from thence through a suitable port into the underlying blast-chest, either t3, 4%, 415, or t6, as the case may be, and from thence through a port 5t of the pressurecontrolling valves 52, the flaps 55 in this instance opening outward, thus admitting the blast-currents into the horizontal wind-trunk 65, whence they pass into the vertical flue (56 with which the windconduit (57, leading to the organ, has communication. The pressu reequalizing bellows t0 also has communication with said vertical line 66 and acts in the same manner as the equalizing-bellows 39 to control the feeders when the same are acting to create a direct pressure-blast.

In order to afford means whereby, both in the creation of a suction-current or a pressure-blast, the feeder-bellows may reciprocally assist each other or deliver air-currents from one to the other, I arrange the pressure and suction controlling valves to be automatically tripped into action by the pressureequalizing bellows 40 or the suction-equalizing bellows 39 in a manner which I will now proceed to describe, referring first to the operation of creating a pressure-blast. \Vhen the pressure-equalizing bellows is approaching complete expansion, an extension (59, Fig. 6, engages the rod 70, which rotates the shaft '71, and by the rocking arms 72 draws open the pressure-controlling valves 52, each one of which is linked with one of said rock-arms. It will be understood that the suction-controlling valves 51 and the pressure-controlling valves 52 are respectively inside and outside valves and the mechanism by which they are operated is substantially identical, except that in one instance the valves are pushed open and in the other are pulled open. It is now evident that communication is established between the chamber 32 of the feederbellows 19, creating a suction, and the corresponding chamber 32 of its opposite feederbellows creating a pressure-blast, Fig. 1,

this communication being from chamber 32 of bellows 22 through port 34, inner compartment of wind-chest 2G, blast-chest 45, valve 52 of said chest, wind-trunk 65, valve 52 of blastchest 44 into said chest, and from thence through inner compartment of wind-chest 26 to chamber 32 of bellows 19, which latter, therefore, as it expands receives the surplus of the pressure-blast from feeder-bellows 22, equalizing said blast.

In the creation of the suction-current the operation differs in this respect, that com munication isestablished between the two chambers 33 of a pair of feeders-for instance, 20 and 21-through the exhaust-chests 48 and 49 of said feeders and their corresponding valves 51, which, being inside valves, are pushed instead of being pulled, as in .the case of the blast-controlling valves. In the case of the suction-current the exhaust-equalizer bellows has an extension 69, the same as that on the equalizer-bellows 40, which engages similar mechanism to that already described,by which the pressure-controlling valves 52 are operated. With this arrangement when the exhaust-equalizer is approaching complete collapse that one of the pair of feeder-bellows which is at the moment exhausting is caused to draw a supply of air from the chamber 33 of the opposite bellows, acting as a pressure-feeder, which air would otherwise be blown off through valve 35, thus equalizing the exhaustcnrrent.

In Figs. 9 and 10 I have shown one form of spring which may be employed within the equalizing-bellows in order to maintain a constant uniform pressure or tension of wind or to cause the spring to maintain and exert a uniform pressure upon'the bellows when compressed. This spring (designated at comprises in its construction a spring-loop 86 and two engaging arms 87, connected by means of links 88, which are pivoted together at 89. In Figs. 11, 12, and I3 I have also shown a device for maintaining an even uniform pressure of the spring, consisting of auxiliary mechanism acting upon the bellows and mounted thereon, a spring 90 of ordinary constructionibeing disposed within a bellows 91 of ordinary construction. top of the bellows extenually is a weighted arm 92, carrying the adjustable counterbalance-weight 93, the arm being rigidly connected with the engaging rod 94, carrying the antifriction-roller J5, which bears against the under side of the bellows. The bellows being in its extended position, as shown in Fig. 11, when the same is being brought into a closed position the spring as it is compressed increases in resistance, which is overcome by the more advantageous position for leverage assumed by the weight and its con nections.

It has been made evident in the foregoing description that while one or more of the feeder-bellows are creating a force or blast current the others are acting in a reverse Pivoted on the sensethat is to say, are inducing an exhaust-current--these relations shifting and alternating, and that under certain conditions communication is established between those which are acting in one sense, either forcing or exhausting, and those which are acting in the opposite or reverse sense, either exhausting or forcing. In the ensuing claims I have employed for the purpose of brevity and succinctness the phrase reversely acting to express these transient and alternating conditions or relations of said bellows.

What I claim is- 1. The combination of a feederbellows formed in two chambers by a transverse divisional diaphragm, a blow-01f valve opening from one chamber to the external air, a windchest divided from said bellows by a fixed board, and formed in two compartments corresponding to the chambers of the bellows, by a transverse partition, ports opening from said compartments into said chambers, a valve opening from the first compartment or that communicating with the blow-01f chamber of the bellows, into the compartment communicating with the other chamber, an exhaust-passage from the organ communicating with said first compartment, and a blastpassage to the organ communicating with the second compartment, whereby the same bellows acts as suction and as blast.

2. The combination of two or more feederbellows acting alternately as blast and suction, blast and suction passages connecting said bellows with the organ and with each other, blast-valves in the blast-passages, permitting blast-currents to pass to the organ, suction-valves in the suction-passages, permitting suction-currents to be drawn from the organ, and means for positively opening said valves in opposition to the direction of reverse currents, for establishing communication between reversely-acting bellows.

3. The combination of two or more feederbellows acting alternately as blast and suction, blast and suction passages connecting said bellows with the organ and with each other, blast-valves in the blast-passages, permitting blast-currents to pass to the organ, suction-valves in the suction-passages, permitting suction-currents to be drawn from the organ, equalizing apparatus, and means operated automatically by said equalizing apparatus for positively opening said valves in opposition to the direction of reverse currents, for establishing communication between reversely-acting bellows.

4. The combination of two or more feederbellows acting alternately as blast and suction, blast and exhaust trunks having conduit connections with the organ, blast and exhaust chests arranged between the blasttrunk and the exhaust-trunk, and connecting with the bellows, exhaustvalves opening from the exhaust -trunk into the exhaustchests, blast-valves opening from the blastchests into the blast-trunk, and means for antomatically opening either set of said valves.

5. The combination of two or more feederbellows acting alternately as blast and suction, blast and exhaust trunks having conduit connections with the organ, blast and exhaust chests arranged between the blasttrunk and the exhaust-trunk and connecting with the bellows, blast-valves independently opening from the blast-chests into the blasttrunk under pressure of the blast, exhaustvalves independently opening from the exhaust-trunk into the exhaust-chests under stress of the draft, blast and exhaust equalizing bellows connecting respectively with the blast-trunk and with the exhaust-trunk, and means operated by said equalizing-bellows to positively open one or the other set of said valves, to establish communication between reversely-actin g feeder-bellows.

6. In an organ-bellows, the combination of a plurality of feeder-bellows transversely positioned and adapted to create both a pressure and a suction blast, blast and suction equalizing bellows, a hollow partition con taining blast andsuction chests, one of each for each feeder -bellows, and dividing the feeder-bellows from the equalizing-bellows partitioned wind-chests through which said blast and suction chests communicate with the feeder-bellows, a blast-trunk on one side of said partition, having ports and valves communicating with the blast-chests and a wind comm unieation with the blast-equalizer and with the organ, and a suctiontrunk on the other side of said partition, having ports and valves communicating with each of the suction-chests, and an exhaust communication with the suction-equalizer and with the organ.

7. The combination of two or more feederbellows acting alternately, diaphragms dividing said bellows transversely to form two chambers in each, the first of which is provided with a blow-off valve, windehests divided from said bellows bya fixed board and divided by a transverse partition into two com partments corresponding to the chambers of the adjacent bellows, a port opening from the first compartment into the first or blow-oft chamber of the bellows, a suction-valve in the partition, opening from the first compartment into the second, a port opening from said second compartment into the second chamber of the bellows, blast and exhaust passages connecting the second compartments of each wind-chest with the second compartment of all the other wind-chests, blast and suction valves in said passages, and blast and exhaust equalizers connecting with said passages beyond the valves.

8. A combined suction and blast creating apparatus,including a plurality of feeder-bellows adapted to induce alternately suction and blast currents,wind-chests for said feederbellows, an equalizer-bellows for the suctioncurrent and an equalizer-bellows for the blastcurrent, suction passages connecting the wind-chests of all of the feeder-bellows with the suction-equalizer and with the organ, blast-passages connecting the winctchests of all of the feeder-bellows with the blast-equalizer and with the organ, and valves for controlling said passages, to pass alternate or concurrent suction and blast currents.

9. A combined suction and blast creating apparatus including a plurality of feeder-bellows adapted to induce alternately suction and blastcurrents,wind-chests forsaid feederbellows, an equalizer-bellows for the suctioncurrent and an equalizenhellows for the blastcurrent, suction passages connecting the wind-chests of all of the feeder-bellows with the suction-equalizer and with the organ,blastpassages connecting the wind-chests of all of the feeder -bellows with the blast equalizer and with the organ, valves for controlling said passages, to pass alternate or concurrent suction and blast currents and valve-tripping mechanism operated in the movement of one or the other of the equalizing-bellows to open communication for suction or blast currents between the feeder-bellows themselves.

10. The combination of a plurality of feederbellows adapted to act alternately as blast and suction, wind -ehests for each bellows transversely divided into compartments blast and suction equalizing bellows, a hollow partition separating the feeder bellows from the equalizing-bellows, blast-chests, one for each feeder-bellows, communicating with one compartment of the wind-chest appropriate to that bellows, suction-chests, also one for each feeder-bellows communicating with the other compartment of said wiml-chest,a wind-trunk along one side of the hollow partition, communicating with the blast-equalizer and with the organ and having ports opening into the blast-chests, an exhaust-trunk along the opposite side of said hollow partition communicating-with the suction-equalizer and with the organ and having ports opening into the suction-chests, valves closing the ports in both trunks against reverse currents, rockshafts extending along both trunks and having arms link-connected to said valves, and means operated by the equalizing-bellows whereby said shafts are rocked to open the valves to pass reverse currents.

11. The combination to form a double-acting valve, of the hinged grid, the flexible flap hinged thereto, and means for swinging said grid upon its hinge.

12. The combination in a valve arrangement, of the hinged grids the flexible flaps hinged thereto,t-he rock-shaft and arms linked to said grids, and tripping mechanism for operating the shaft to open all of the valves simultaneously.

13. The combination of the hinged grids, the flexible ilaps hinged thereto, the rockshaft and its arms linked to said grids, a pushrod acting on the rock-shaft, and a projection IOC IIC

on the equalizer-bellows acting on said pushrocl.

1i. A spring regulating the movement of the bellows-feeders, comprising arms engaging the bellows, a looped resilient member engaging said arms, and pivotally-eonneoted extensions projected from the same.

15. An apparatus for regulating the movement of bellows-feeder comprising a spring acting upon the bellows and a swinging ooun- IO terpoise also acting upon the bellows in opposition to the spring.

In testimony whereof I affix my signature in presence of two witnesses.

ROBERT J BENNETT.

Witnesses:

CHAS. O. BULKLEY, L. W. BULKLEY. 

